Confusion of Liberals," World Tomorrow 15 (28 Dec. 1932): 47-51; John C. Bennett, "After Liberalism, What?" Christian Century 50 (8 Nov. 1933): 1403-6, and Social Salvation (1935); Buell G. Gallagher, "Christians and Radical Social Change," World Tomorrow 15 (June 1932): 170-75; S. Ralph Harlow, "Jesus Is Coming!" Christian Century 49 (13 Jan. 1932): 56-58; E. G. Homrighausen, "Modern Apocalypticism," World Tomorrow 15 (12 Oct. 1932): 354-55; Norman Thomas, "Moral Man and Immoral Society," World Tomorrow 15 (14 Dec. 1932): 565-67; Shailer Mathews, Christianity and Social Process (1934): Henry J. Cadbury, The Peril of Modernizing Jesus (1937); F. Ernest Johnson, The Social Gospel Re-examined (1940); Chester Carlton McCown, The Search for the Real Jesus (1940); Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Vital Center (1948) and "Reinhold Niebuhr's Role in American Political Thought and Life" (1956), in The Politics of Hope (1962); Harvey Cox, The Secular City (1965); and Daniel Callahan, ed., The Secular City Debate (1966). Niebuhr's failure to come to grips with Rauschenbusch is discussed in my essay "Religious Contributions to Social Movements: Walter Rauschenbusch, the Social Gospel, and Its Critics," Journal of Religious Ethics 18 (Spring 1990): 7-25.

My analysis of Martin Luther King rests on his own writings—Stride toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (1958); Strength to Love (1963); Why We Can't Wait (1964); Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967); and The Trumpet of Conscience (1967)—and on the following accounts of his career and of the civil rights movement: David L. Lewis, King (1970, 2d ed., 1978); Harvard Sitkoff, The Struggle for Racial Equality (1981); Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (1981); Stephen B. Oates, Let the Trumpet Sound: The Life of Martin LutherKing, Jr. (1982); John J. Ansbro, Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Making of a Mind (1982); David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadersbip Conference (1986); and Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters : America in the King Years, 1954-63 (1988). Garry Wills's remark about the Age of Martin Luther King appears in the New York Review, 10 Nov. 1988, 10-15. Leslie W. Dunbar, A Republic of Equals (1966), offers an uncommonly astute analysis of liberal legalism and of the difficulties facing the civil rights movement in the North.

The Ocean Hill-Brownsville experiment with "community control" of the public schools is discussed in Diane Ravitch, The Great School Wars (1974), chaps. 29-33, and in Maurice R. Berube and Marilyn Gittell, eds., Confrontation at Ocean Hill-Brownsville: The New York School Strikes of 1968 (1969). See also Marilyn Gittell et al., School Boards and School Policy: An Evaluation of Decentralization in New York City (1973), and David Rogers and Norman H. Chung, 110 Livingston Street Revisited: Decentralization in Action (1983).

My assertions about the vicissitudes of political nomenclature in the progressive era derive for the most part from contemporary periodicals, for example, Whidden Graham, "An Indictment of Liberalism," Nation, 26 July 1919, 113; "Explaining

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